Eventually we settled on industrial PCs, solid state media and FreeDOS.
It was significantly cheaper than replacing the oven at £1M each.... in 50 of their factories worldwide.
There are some other retro computer or consoles that could probably be just as useful for this. But DOSBox (as well as QEMU+FreeDOS, for those that prefer that) are nice because they have fully open source implementation from the CPU-level up to the user utilities, so there is no need to mess with dodgy ROM downloads or such to get things working.
Another big problem for FreeDOS is the lack of sound card support. I do not know if anyone has solved that yet.
I've used FreeDOS for doing BIOS updates. In the pre-UEFI days it was common for manufacturers to provide BIOS updates as a DOS executable, apparently with the expectation that the customer would be able to dig up some old MS-DOS disk somewhere.
I suppose nowadays there isn't much use for that anymore thanks to doing FW updates via UEFI capsules. Though at least on the Linux side (LVFS/fwupd) it seems most PC clone vendors aren't on board yet.
There's mUEFIrcate for that.
https://www.computerbank.org.au/ <- charity my then partner and I started at the time. Still going strong after all these years, even though she passed away a few years ago.