It depends on the size of the satellite and its power use. Small spacecraft often don't use enough power to generate enough heat to warm themselves. The problem then is batteries get cold (which is one of the places you need heaters) and become inefficient and then you end up in death spiral. Here the probe likely wasn't generating enough power anyway, so that would almost certainly kill it before the cold.

The article clearly states that providing enough power to run the heaters was one of the challenges that led to the death of the probe. Satellites are rarely in the shade for an extended period.

It does, but here we are talking about a spacecraft not exposed to sun radiation and without significant amounts of stored energy to generate heat to overcome the heat losses due.