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This is cool. Reminds me.. I have always liked the idea of opening a cafe (who hasn't !?) but I'd struggle with the modern behaviour of peeps sitting for hours taking up a plug + wifi in exchange for ~£$4. Hugely uneconomical for independents. Good-faith customers aware of the economic burden of their behaviour are a VERY rare breed.. So I quite like (/ethically hate) the idea of creating scarcities in order to influence behaviour away from this norm. E.g. limited internet consumption, no wall sockets, pay-per-minute, etc. Thoughts?

This is going to depend a lot on location. Coffee chains are able to support this sort of behavior because the many customers that drop $4 in one minute on their morning commute, are subsidizing the few customers that pay $4 for six hours of seating and wifi.

Assuming you open your cafe on a viable commuter path, you can take advantage of this subsidy and your economics can work out. You can improve your economics even further with the tactics a lot of cafes already to nudge behavior at the margin, some of which you've already noticed (e.g., less-than-stellar wifi, thermostat at slightly cold temperature, limited actual seating space, only 1-2 customer-accessible wall sockets, etc.).

On the question of charging-by-the-minute: the marginal profit you can earn on coffee is higher than marginal profit you can earn on real estate. That's why Starbucks (which sells coffee and gives away real estate) is a better business than WeWork (which sells real estate and gives away coffee). Therefore instead of charging by the minute, you might consider raising your coffee prices and/or controlling the average amount of real estate you're giving away per unit of coffee sold.

most folks here are overthinking/armchairing the problem. coffee shop owners have their economics figured out or they wouldn't stay in business. cafes (like the dozens near me) are perfectly capable of sustaining their business with a blend of folks grabbing coffee to go and others sitting for hours.

you don't need to institute limits, subscriptions, nudges, or any other customer-hostile action. just price well, and provide value beyond your costs. one pro-customer option is providing food (beyond pastries) for the lingerers, which adds some marginal cost but adds significant marginal revenue.

I think you're armchairing the problem by stating coffee shops exist therefore there is no problem. Many coffee shops do impose user hostile actions like loud music, small uncomfortable seating, etc. The others are big chains that have efficiencies (e.g. lower prices, more efficient workforce, better analytics) that are not available to smaller shops.

In most competitive markets you cannot compete (i.e. not lose money) when you have costs that a competitor does not have the bear. For instance, if 20% of your customers are money losers, a competitor can cut those customers out and make a higher return. Everything gets priced in. So that means that person can charge X% less for coffee, or pay X% more for real estate, or have better coffee or better service etc.

Ignoring the trade off doesn't make it go away

You’re assuming that loitering people are a negative on the business — which is a mistake that Starbucks made as well, to their detriment.

Starbucks did what you’re suggesting to increase turnover and profit at stores — but the opposite happened: sales dramatically dropped, even though the time to serve a single customer and the average customer stay both dropped.

The issue is that Starbucks doesn’t just sell coffee — they’re a cafe. And cafes are in the business of selling thirdspace, where you create fun memories with friends and family. So when they provided a substantially worse version of that product, it sullied their brand and lowered their overall profit, because people no longer associated coffee at their chain with good times.

Similarly, the owner of a small cafe I used to work from loved the three or four regulars who would come near open and stay all morning — us being visibly chatty in the large storefront windows would draw in more of the nearby joggers than if the store was empty. We were a free living ad that getting coffee there was a fun time and popular with locals.

I think you’re ignoring a lot of ecosystem complexity with your “optimization”.

> Starbucks did what you’re suggesting to increase turnover and profit at stores — but the opposite happened: sales dramatically dropped, even though the time to serve a single customer and the average customer stay both dropped.

Can you show me where starbucks revenue dropped (besides 2020 pandemic dip)?

2021 $29,061

2020 $23,518

2019 $26,509

2018 $24,720

2017 $22,387

2016 $21,316

2015 $19,163

2014 $16,448

2013 $14,867

2012 $13,277

2011 $11,700

2010 $10,707

Or maybe you mean same store sales! Oh wait, those have been up every quarter except one since Q4 2009.

I never understood why people online make shit up. People spout very easily googleable statements like "their revenue went down" so confidently, without bothering to check. They live in fantasy land where they pretend like the goal of a coffee shop is something akin to "serving the community" or "being a third place" when in actuality the point is to sell something for more than it costs to produce. You may want your coffee shop to be a third place. But it doesn't make it a viable business model.

MBA types get a lot of shit on this forum, but MBA types are good at some things. And those things include running a pretty simple business like a coffee shop. It's pretty simple math, you can set clear targets, estimate demand and balance trade offs like what to have on the menu and how much to charge. Sure there's things like investments and long term planning, but they do that as well, just without the romanitization.

https://twitter.com/jonathanmaze/status/1255246119128444930

https://www.macrotrends.net/stocks/charts/SBUX/starbucks/rev...

I completely agree. Just think about your own behavior: do you choose the empty cafe or the one with many people inside?

Unless the all-dayers are actually blocking space that other customers could use, they are likelier to profit the business than harm it.

So small cafe owners won't mind, provided they are smarter than Starbucks was.
as an avid cafe-goer, i've looked into the economics of cafes and talk regularly with the coffee shop owners around me. competition is almost never a concern for most small/independent cafes. starbucks doesn't matter competitively because their prices aren't appreciably lower and they cater to a different segment than independent cafe owners.

the biggest problem is almost always reaching their target segment--like the people already sitting there with laptops--to drive enough transaction volume to be sustainable, which is squarely a marketing problem. rent and labor costs (operations) are usually the next biggest problems. competition ain't the issue.

"Marketing" usually means getting people to know about your product or service and getting them through the door.

If the owner has people sitting there and wants them to purchase more, that's more increasing average revenue per user which is limited. How much coffee can someone drink? If someone drinks a plain coffee, getting them to upgrade to a higher margin sugary drink is hard. You can push food and snacks, but that's also limited since you're not a restaurant and the person can only eat so many pastries or dry goods. For every one customer sitting down there are likely 10 customers that come in during that time. Why focus on the person sitting down?

Getting more people in the door is probably an easier way to get more revenue. Especially considering the amount of people that can sit around all day versus the amount of people that can walk by and pick up a cup of coffee to go. In that regard, competition is definitely a huge factor. If a coffee shop has a 15 minute wait while another one is 5 minutes, I would likely pick the faster one. You can prefer one brand to another, but service is a huge factor.

> only 1-2 customer-accessible wall sockets,

Before I got an M1 laptop, this was a real issue for me. Now, it really doesn't matter. My battery will easily last the entire time I am in the cafe without really thinking about it.

M1: it's not just WWII tank, but an invasion machine against the cafe and its hapless operators and patrons.

Mouhaha!

A busy cafe with seated people also psychologically has an impact on people just stopping in for takeout.
Precisely this. Empty shops have an unconscious (sometimes conscious) effect on people making them less likely to drop in themselves. 1-3 people taking up wifi and electricity could easily attract enough customers to pay for their visit with each stay.

This does only really apply in shops in areas with decent foot traffic though.

Buy more coffee - get more minutes?
This [0] cafe in Berlin charges you by the hour. And the first drink is included. Worked really well for me when I was in Berlin. No subscription needed.

[0] https://kleinmein.gr/en/coworking-space/

This is brilliant! I wonder how they police it? Is it simply a limited time access to the internet?

Important to note that the second feature they list is: "comfy seats." It seems that many coffee shops try to fight the over use problem with uncomfortable seating.

In one I've been you can pick a totem (they're all in form of old pocket watches), and they note what time this totem got "checked out" of the reception, and what time it returns, and charge you for the minutes.
Oh that’s lovely.
They don't police it. It is an honesty system. I think limiting internet access is a pointless method because it is so easy to tether to your phone. And you don't have to work online to work there, you can also draw or read.
This looks fantastic. Working remotely since the start of the pandemic, these days I'd love a sustainable option like that for 3 hours at a time once or twice per week.
Isn't it fair for restaurants to ask you to clear the table if you haven't ordered anything for a while and they need the space for new customers? Why shouldn't cafés do they same?
> they need the space for new customers?

I think this is an important point. I occasionally work in a Panera near me during the weekday (I usually order a soup or sandwich) and I don't feel bad about taking up a seat for an hour or two since the place is practically empty, and would be a little irked if someone asked me to order something at that point.

I would feel bad and wouldn't mind at all with leaving or ordering something more frequently if I wanted to do the same thing on a Sunday afternoon since the place is often very busy.

Some signage similar in tone to what I see with metro buses and wheelchair seats seem appropriate (roughly worded as "it's perfectly fine to sit here, but if you see someone who needs this spot, you should give it up").

Historically, cafes were social forums where people gathered for hours at a time to read and converse. Maximizing absolute profit by optimizing customer throughput is the modern take. But that’s not what cafes are for and so you should not feel bad for forcing owners to understand their business and optimize for both profitability and the cafe experience.
I would love a return to that historic ideal, though it just wouldn't be economical on its own. It would end up being a loss-making add-on to some larger enterprise.. perhaps a bookstore or a locally funded community centre?

I'm reminded of Ziferblat [1] and other similar "anti-cafes" [2]. They shut down their local one here though, apparently due to not being able to meet the cost of skyrocketing commercial rents.

[1] https://www.ziferblat.co.uk/Coventry/discover [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-caf%C3%A9

It's more likely the bookstore would be the loss-leader for the cafe.

The usual killer, as you've identified, isn't people sitting at the tables but the rents. Possibly you could do a quite "successful" cafe as a non-profit that owns the building it is sitting in.

I worked at a cafe, it worked more like a family than a business, we all got food in the evening and had fun together, the restaurant was the main life, but one shouldnt underestimate the café when it was in a good day, alot of people enjoy just coming in and grabbing togo if its good, more than enough to make up for the hangarounds/workers.

Also it seemed the more people who where actually there the more business it received.

> Maximizing absolute profit by optimizing customer throughput is the modern take.

Because real estate prices and thus rent have gone through the roof compared to the historic average.

Coffee used to be expensive relative to wages and rent ultra-cheap. Now that's flipped.

“Historically” is relevant how? The world moves on, cafes are no exception lmao.
You’re right, they’ve moved on from periodicals and discussion groups to laptop usage for hours at a time :)
There's a coffee chain here in Brooklyn [1] that has been spreading very quickly who has targeted opening in small spaces, or as short term pop-ups inside other spaces, without much (or any) seating. This probably limits those behaviors you're talking about. They've raised close to $70 million for some reason [2][3].

There's a couple a few blocks from me but I've never tried them, as I just make coffee with an aeropress at home. When I was younger I'd hang out at coffee shops and pretend to be getting work done, but not so much as an adult.

[1] https://www.blankstreet.com/

[2] https://www.forbes.com/sites/douglasyu/2021/10/13/blank-stre...

[3] https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/blank-street

peeps sitting for hours taking up a plug + wifi in exchange for ~£$4. Hugely uneconomical for independents.

It's only uneconomical if enough potential customers leave because they can't sit down or I guess if they use a ton of power. Business Internet is not usage based, right? and you're buying that anyway...

One place near me instituted a "co working packages" which you were expected to pay a certain fee and that got you drinks, maybe a pastry and let you sit down for some amount of time.

I would go in there for a pastry from time to time and the place sometimes had one or two people on laptops in there, and had plenty of seats both before and after having this co-working policy. It's not a surprise, there are tons of cafes in walking distance and this was the only one that cared about charging people to sit there. They were all pretty similarly not at capacity regardless of "scarcities".

Then there's the cost of enforcement - what happens if someone causes a scene and doesn't want to leave? You have to pay staff for that that you might not have to otherwise. Same with software tracking minutes of wifi used.

> Business Internet is not usage based

You'd think that's the case but really, it depends.

It depends on what connection type you have, what country you're in, and how remote you are or aren't. Business grade fibre in a big city? Probably not going to be metered and you'll have bandwidth to spare. ADSL in the middle of nowhere? Almost certainly going to be metered and you'll have very little bandwidth.

We have a shop near us with a "no laptops" policy, and another with laptop hours. This works pretty well from what I've seen.
That's crazy. I sat in a mostly empty cafe for about 45 minutes last week waiting for a train, had a coffee and croissant and had I been there much longer I'd be orderign something else

On the other hand in the old days you used to pay $x for 30 minutes of time on a computer. I don't see a problem with 30 minutes free with a coffee, then charging extra for time.

We need more coworking spaces with cafes. Cafés weren't designed to be coworking spaces.
Recent ones are.
It's a definitional thing. If you build a cafe for the primary purpose of encouraging coworking, you've built a coworking space with coffee, not a cafe.
The few times I've had my home internet drop out and I needed a few hours of wi-fi to get work done I realized the local cafes were the same people there sometimes taking all the spaces. I usually got lunch and etc too considering I was taking up the shop's space for a few hours... but I was one of the few who did that.

Maybe there needs to be an office space + cubicle + coffee shop rental thing ... but I'm not sure you could charge enough to justify it / folks would probably save money and just go camp at a coffee shop.

It's an interesting dynamic.

> Maybe there needs to be an office space + cubicle + coffee shop rental thing

This is essentially what co-working spaces like WeWork are. But they are quite expensive which is probably why a lot of people continue to use coffee shops (environment and location of coffee shop may also be preferable)

Yeah I work form home and I looked into those spaces at one time and OMG ... yeah that's not something I'm going to do.
I already pay rent on a whole home. Not going to pay the same amount for 6 square meter.
Uncomfortable chairs is how fast food restaurants handle this. If you make the seating comfortable, people will stay longer. Make it less comfortable (or uncomfortable) and people will move on after a shorter period of time.
I’ve always liked the idea of opening a café too. My thoughts on the matter are related to this; I think the biggest stressor for me would be paying rent so if I ever do I’d like to own the location.

I guess that’s hard in the USA where commercial and residential spaces are so strictly kept separate and far away from each other. Where I’m from it’s not rare for a business to be in a place that used to be (or still is) someone’s home. This includes one of my favorite cafes (they make fantastic food) which seems to be the owner’s home lawn and first floor.

I don’t know the exact economics of this, but I can imagine not paying rent means this sort of customer stops being an existential threat and just becomes a nuisance if you want to maximize profits.

EDIT: do note I'm sharing this from the perspective of someone who would set up a café "for fun" and to "keep busy" when retired or something, not as someone who would want to necessarily set up a while operation with employees or live off of this café.

There is a cafe chain in Russia that charges by the minute but most drinks are free. They tried to expand to the U.K. in the mid-2010s, but their test cafes failed, and they pulled out after a few years.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziferblat

The one in Manchester is still here, just under a different name: https://oppidan-social.com/

It's quite reasonably priced actually, and a bit more co-working focused than your average coffee shop.

Haha, I thought maybe turn the whole cafe into a faraday cage (don't know if that is possible) so that no phones or internet work.
Interesting idea, but probably illegal in most places unfortunately.
Active signal blocking / jamming with electrical devices are illegal in the US, but passive devices like signal-blocking wallpaper and windows are entirely legal.
Not necessarily. Loads of buildings are faraday cages by accident. I know my old school gym completely blocked cell signal due to how it was built
Many big-box stores effectively block most if not all cell signal; you might not notice because Home Depot provides free wifi.
I assume it's unintentional though right?
I suspect so, but I wouldn't put it past Costco to intentionally block most of price checking say ...

(Costco being the only one I've been in that didn't provide store-wide free wifi.)

What kind of law would prohibit you to block out cell signal in your own building?
An entirely sensible one which prohibits you from preventing an emergency call being made in case of fire, injury, crime etc.
> which prohibits you from preventing an emergency call being made

The solution to this is simple: A land line behind the counter.

Have a system by which each coffee comes with a unique code on the receipt. This code grants you 1hr on the WiFi before terminating your session.

Present a screen which provides a payment gateway to buy more time - or for less money - buy another drink.

I've been to cafes before which let you "rent" a security lock for laptops and all the tables had a loop which they could be attached too.

In many cafes I've seen signs saying "no tablets/laptops at the weekend" to make space for customers who want to socialise.

> Have a system by which each coffee comes with a unique code on the receipt. This code grants you 1hr on the WiFi before terminating your session.

I went to a place like that a few years ago. I could never comfortably finish my drink within the time limit, so I'd get cut off wifi while still drinking, even if I was just browsing to relax, not spending hours.

Perhaps it worked for them: I stopped going there and taking up seating. Then again I stopped going there to buy anything as well.

The internet time limit was an improvement over their previous policy, of playing music way too loud, which staff told me was deliberate. That didn't actually push people away who had laptops - people like me wore earplugs with noise cancelling headphones over the top, to bring the awful sound down to bearable levels. But it stopped people who came in for a chat with friends from chatting.

The vast majority of a coffee shop's business happens during the morning rush. If you can't be profitable just from that, the small trickle of customers for the rest of the day isn't going to make a difference to your overall finances, whether they are staying at the table for 1 hour or 4. This is why most coffee shops don't really care about this problem.
Not sure this is a problem.

I work a lot from cafes and being the lazy guy I am, I've a selection of 3 places that I go to regularly. The times I work are not their peak hours, so I'm not taking a seat from anybody, but I'm there a lot. Like, 3-4 days a week. I drink coffee, buy some cake, occasionally some wrap for lunch .. by now I've dumped 4-figures on each of my regular places. If I walk by places that I don't frequent regularly -- they also have empty seats, but they don't have those dollars in their pockets that I left at their competition. Why do I not go there? They are not as comfy/cozy. Less comfy chairs, unpleasant lighting, no good coffee, no good cake. Some of those certainly on purpose to repel customers like me. They certainly succeeded at that, but obviously didn't get my money in return either. Winning me as a regular customer is a big win (that's what I tell myself, at least).

I'm thinking instead of cafe maybe a place that one can rent a small, dark and quiet room at relatively flat price. Say any coffee for the first hour and then $2 per hour. Additional basic Coffee is free but food needs $$$. Does it make any financial sense? I guess no? Is there a way for the customer to claim the expense as sort of WFH expense?
It's not exactly the same, but in Japan a few capsule net cafes opened up that sound similar to what you're talking about:

https://youtu.be/HkNzjvueJm8

Thanks that's almost what exactly I want. I don't need the computer though so that's a difference. I also want chairs. But that's what I have in mind.
A space where you can work? Potentially with spaces with others. With break out spaces for working with others, with a few perks thrown in? Call it WeWork?
I can't find the one research study I wanted to link to now, but with a search on Google Scholar you'll find papers on this topic.

The one I wanted to link to raised up the same concerns from coffee shop owners, and those that embraced a coffee shop/coworking space model, had their plugs + comfy chairs in the back where they could also offer a less noisy environment (without an actual separating wall or anything like that). If I recall correctly they also had one-day type of passes that included a couple of drinks/snacks.

That specific paper was about this model during the pandemic period, a followup study would be interesting now once everything is opened/opening up.

The inverse of this is that you want to have "stiff" chairs if you don't want people to linger for too long when they get a coffee.

4? Where! I’m fine that independent cafes charge like $12-$14 for anything now in places I go

Price out other people doing less lucrative things that would be in the way. Bloggers, starry eyed dropshippers, enlightened failed dropshippers Writing books on dropshipping, people trying to start an online jewelry store. Its too bad this can include coffee drinkers as well.

My M1 seems like it has infinite battery, I’ll tether if I have to

A few things that come to mind from having worked in many coffees in a few countries where those were implemented would be to institute an off-peak/peak time policy where people are asked not to work during peak time (e.g. lunch), have some sort of subscription model which comes with a faster wifi and X drinks a month.
I've asked some cafe owners this question, and they just answered, nah, stay as long as you want; most customers never sit down anyway.
> This is cool. Reminds me.. I have always liked the idea of opening a cafe (who hasn't !?) but I'd struggle with the modern behaviour of peeps sitting for hours taking up a plug

You'd have done well in Budapest at one time [0].

0: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_235-hSeKFI

SF Used to (still does?) have the Workshop Cafe that charged by the hour. It was usually packed! I think they shutdown during COVID and have not re-opened (yet?)

https://www.workshopcafe.com/

Some cafes near me will nudge people to buy something if they have been there for hours. While some like that people working there makes them look busy so they are okay with it.

So, I guess this might or might be a burden. It depends completely on the cafe.

I would love the idea of buying something every hour or so. In return get a code that you can use to extend the WiFi availability. Or just straight-up pay via your laptop for X amount of WiFi hours which allows you to sit in the coffee shop.
I used to think the same thing until I realized that I can't remember the last time I actually sat down in a coffee shop to drink coffee. I always buy it to go, and I imagine the vast majority of people do that too.
Could you make each purchase include an hour of wifi? It wouldn’t be too hard to set up and I don’t think people would mind.

Or after an hour keep providing wifi but put up a guilt screen explaining that you have costs etc.

I get annoyed enough having to find the wifi password, having to do a monkey dance every hour would be more annoying still.

I think the reality of the situation is that it's WAY less of a problem than people make it out to be; most every coffee shop I've ever been in has been mostly empty.

The more that a coffee shop is customer-hostile, the less I'll visit it, even if I were to get something to go. I don't want to support businesses who don't want to support me.
If there are empty seats, I don't feel guilty at all.

I'll usually get up multiple times to order something. And the atmosphere of feeling welcomed makes me come back every week.

I have been thinking of subscription only coffee shop.

Members bring some kind of card to scan and enter.

This way, members have a safe place to come in, work, and read whatever they want to read.

Dont forget, nobody enters an empty cafe, so a few ppl. with laptops signaling the place is ok and open during opening hours might even be beneficial.
Charge enough for wifi or a seat that it's not a problem for you.
There used to be a cafe like this near me in SF. Unfortunately the zoning board ruled that it was more like an office than a cafe, meaning not permitted in a retail space.

Don’t do this unless you want to get shut down.

This isn’t just “the fun police” either. Pre pandemic SF was very sensitive about tech workers/offices crowding out other elements of the city. Work-friendly cafes would be immensely popular, meaning they would take up a lot of retail that could otherwise have more “character.” Now with so much commercial and retail vacancy it’s less of a zero sum game.

https://www.hackerneue.com/item?id=21972491

Just don't have wifi.
Tether off your phone. I rarely use public wifi, too much hassle.

Don't have power though and I won't be around for long.

Yeah, have enough traffic on my phone that connecting to wifi that has hundreds of other people connected to it is generally a bad idea.

If my network slows to a crawl, it’s always because I’ve accidentally connected to some public wifi network.

Seems like less of a problem these days. Most laptops will give you hours of use without charging. M1s and Chromebooks basically give you an entire day.

And a fair number of people just work on their phones for a lot of purposes.

I suspect that would decrease your potential market significantly.
If people only come to your place for wifi then they're not the customers you want imo.
One approach is to incentivize customers toward doing what you want
Maybe going for a co-working space is better on your case.
charge for the wifi after 1h?

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