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A friend of mine has a junior engineer who does this and then responds to questions like "Why did you do X?" with "I didn't, Claude did, I don't know why".

That would be an immidiate reason of termination in my book.
Yes, if they can't debug + fix the reason the production system is down or not working correctly then they're not doing their job, imo.

Developers aren't hired to write code that's never run (at least in my opinion). We're also responsible for running the code/keeping it running.

I think words that would follow from me would get me send to HR...

And if it was repeated... Well I would probably get fired...

Some other comments suggest immediately firing.. but a junior engineer needs to be mentored. It should be explained to them clearly that they need to understand the changes they have made. They should also be pointed towards the coding standards and SDLC documentation. If they refuse to change their ways, then firing makes sense.
no hate but i would try to fire someone for saying that
This but with hate.
See also "Why did you do X?" → Flurry of new commits → Conversation marked as resolved

And not just from juniors

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