There are many alternatives, OP lists some (banners, modals), but also inline messages, button states, next steps screens - not just modals.
There are also a lot of professional guis (think medical software), that use no toasts.
There are also a lot of professional guis (think medical software), that use no toasts.
I wish software developers could drop this dogmatism. Same as the old Goto considered harmful trope outliving its usefulness and all that. It's always black and white - "people can misuse this tool, so this tool is inherently bad and should be eliminated from usage completely" - rather than acknowledging that many tools have great use cases even if they can also be abused.