Sure. But you'll be transferring the entire file everytime.
The advantage of sqlite3_rsync is that, if on the other end is an SSH server with sqlite3_rsync, you only transfer the changed pages, and still get a “perfect” copy of the file on the other end.
The advantage of Litestream is that on the other end does not need to live a “server,” and still only changes are uploaded. If you do it continuously, you get many points to recover from, and many of those cross reference each other, saving storage space too. On the flip side, you need the tool to restore.
I would probably run both litestream and full backups, to get extra safety