I can't recommend Arch enough. It's specifically the install process that I think helped me understand everything much more clearly, and helped me break the cycle of installing a distro, encountering problems, and weekends of googling around. My friend jokingly referred encountering an problem during remodeling his new home to installing a linux distro. Like he just wants to be done with this remodeling already, but these problems lead him to spending his free weekends on some problem that shouldn't even have been there.

But arch basically starts you with nothing and you build up, you'll exactly know what software does what, and when problems arise you know where the problem is coming from. That being said, I've never had a system that is as stable and 'just works' like my current arch install, and besides from twice needing manual intervention after not updating for a while, it's been going 8 years. I'm currently at the state that whenever something is not working (adb not recognizing my phone, external usb-harddrive bay not being properly recognized) I always know that those things will just work as soon as I reboot my machine into arch. Although on win10 most things 'just work' as well, so those moment's aren't that common.

As a side note Arch has some very good informative wiki pages on basically any software you might want to use on linux. Even if you're not using arch it's very useful for basically any linux user, and it often has a section with known issues and workarounds.