In the realms of Windows and game development you primarily use Visual Studio Solutions / projects with property sheets. The underlying build system is msbuild.

It is less powerful than CMake and has a relatively steep learning curve due to poor documentation. But once you get the hang of it, it's actually pretty straight forward with just a few pitfalls here and there. You simply have to accept that certain things are not possible... but chances are, these things can't even be done easily in CMake either.