All of that extra stuff can still use Python and integrate easily with an RoR app. Typically your astronomy/biology/ata science stuff isn't needed in the context of a request and is done asynchronously
This is just not true. I’ve worked with many scientists, none of them want some complicated micro service architecture they have to deal with. They just want a page that displays their data or whatever, and that means using Django or flask and using whatever library they write directly. Most people haven’t even heard of ruby.
Ok
a best of both worlds solution might be to have a Rails web app and Python services. Of course if you like Django/Python better anyway, then just use those.
But if you are sticking to basic web/database stuff it's hard to go wrong with RoR.