If an article manages to get a few votes, quickly, then it gets on the front page fairly easily. (This one got there with 5 votes.) Once on the front page it snowballs. The obvious solution to that is to ask a handful of friends to vote for it. HN has a solution for that workaround by identifying vote rings and banning them, plus banning the site that was attempting to do that. So getting on the front page remains a crapshoot, even for good material.
In principle yes, but HN's anti-voting-ring software often drops a lot of those votes. If you see something on /newest with a bunch of votes and it's not on the front page, that's likely why. A side-effect that we never anticipated is that some eagle-eyed HN users figured this out and started calling out the egregious cases. So we got a secondary hivemind ring-detector out of the deal.